Abstract: The level of diagnosis of tuberculosis in China has been improved significantly which has experien-ced from Ziehl Neelsen microscope in sputum smear and chest X-ray to various new diagnosis methods in clinical application treatment for tuberculosis has changed from the beginning of sanatoria treatment to the emergence of streptomycin and rifampicin, which has brought about a new era of the short course chemotherapy. In the future, in order to improve the diagnostic level, we should popularize new rapid diagnostic techniques and methods in the diagnosis of tuberculosis as soon as possible, including LED fluorescence microscope, BACTEC MGIT 960 culture system, Xpert Mtb/RIF assay, linear probe assay (LPA), gene chip, simultaneous amplification test (SAT), loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Meanwhile, future therapy should be focused on the research of new anti-TB drugs and targets, immunotherapy, therapeutic vaccines, interventional treatment, surgical treatment, and nanoparticle directed therapy to improve the cure rate at last.

Key words: Tuberculosis/diagnosis, Tuberculosis/therapy, Retrospective studies